Introduction. Linking Ming-Qing aesthetic changes with the economic setting -- The authenticity of emotion (Qing) : Chen's romance drama illustrations and paintings of beautiful women -- The vernacular voice in Chen's water margin playing cards -- Expanded frames : the late Ming print market -- The sage and the self : Chen's late-period eremitic figures -- Chen's painting practice : production, replication, exchange -- The divergence of profit and virtue : Chen Hongshou's venerating antiquity playing cards -- Conclusion. Reinventing classical values in a commercial context -- List of figures -- Figures